The Need to Reform Africas Economy - 1372 Words

Over the last 50 years, Africa has received aid from all over the world, yet with all it has been given from charity work, donations and economic aid there still has been no progress in most African countries. The controversy surrounding Africas economic state is that while the continent is plentiful with natural resources and potential trading partners, it seems that the resources are being wasted because there is no revenue coming into the economy and the people are still in a horrid state of poverty. Africa needs to revolve reforms in the government to potentially fix the crisis instead of relying on aid from around the world. Africa’s economy has been caused by the poverty and warfare in many of the countries. People have studied and tried to understand what exactly is causing Africa to be so economically, socially and culturally unstable, and it all seems to root back to the colonial ages and its systems; therefore, leading to a large gap in financial status in Africa (Brower and â€Å"Rural Poverty Portal†). With most of the rural areas in Africa being in a state of poverty, these people are reliant on agriculture for their source of food and wellbeing. And in Sub-Sahara Africa there is nearly 220 million Africans that are deemed as poor. Diseases like HIV/AIDS play a role in many people’s lives in Africa; on the continent alone there is more than 34 million suffering from these diseases. Furthermore, the wars and genocides that have taken place in many of Africa’sShow MoreRelatedThe Current State Of South Africa1175 Words   |  5 Pagesview stemmed from wounds created by g overnment supported racial segregation which continues to affect South Africa’s economy today; however, the abundant resources and potential economic growth of this country should not be overlooked. Despite wounds from its past South Africa has a wealth of resources which make it an important country to the world and to the United States. South Africa’s history directly correlates to the countries stagnation in economic growth today, but its resources and economicRead MoreEssay on South Africa: A Country on the Rise1327 Words   |  6 PagesIn the last 20 years, South Africa’s growth and development have placed this country on the global stage and now is an influential player in world affairs. Senior enlisted leaders must understand the importance of South Africa’s continued development and support to United States national interests so that commands will be informed facilitators to the strong bond between these two nations. This paper will discuss Sou th Africa’s background information, government, strategic importance, and futureRead MoreBenefits Of Economic Globalization On South Africa Essay1346 Words   |  6 Pagesyears. This country has been infamously plagued by apartheid, an inhumane policy of segregation based on grounds of race, which also had economic consequences as trade sanctions were established in 1986 by the United States in response to South Africa’s policy of apartheid. However, apartheid ended in the 1990s and the South African Development Community was created in 1992 in order to promote economic development through free trade zones in other regions in Africa. South Africa also signed freeRead MoreImpact Of Economic Liberalisation On Livelihoods1597 Words   |  7 Pagesdecrease in government control, through deregulation and lesser restrictions in the economy to promote greater participation of private entities, serves as a means of securing the basic necessities of life i.e. food, water, shelter and clothing. This is done in an effort to encourage economic development through the doctrine is associated with classical liberalism. Following in the pattern of major economic reforms of emerging markets such as Brazil, China and India, Nigeria has followed the sameRead MoreTaking a Look at the China-Africa Relation1563 Words   |  6 Pagesto enable the economy to expand through its ability to invest. In other words, aid serves as a catalyst. Griffin (1970) cautioned aid ability to act as a catalyst, contending that due to its negative effect, it retards economic growth instead of driving it. For Griffin (1970), aid is an impediment, not a catalyst. Furthermore, Boyce (2002) argued that, to describe aid as a catalyst for development, a sound analysis is essential to measure its negative and positive effect on the economy. In case ofRead MoreSouth Afric A Place Like No Other1569 Words   |  7 Pagescountry of South Africa. Now that we know about the social side, let’s take a look at the overall economy. This is where the country’s fragile economy comes into play, when the country first formed, the world thought that southern Africa was devoid of the riches that had drawn Europeans to the rest of the continent. Until the discovery of diamonds in 1869 and of gold in 1886 revolutionized the economy. European investment flowed in; by the end of the nineteenth century, it was equivalent to all EuropeanRead MoreShould South Africa Stay with BRICS and CIVETS or Focus on Africa?2056 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"South Africa needs to look beyond BRIC(S) markets and emerging CIVET(S) markets and rather focus on Africa† Extended writing task–Grade 11 â€Æ' South Africa is currently part of BRICS and CIVETS emerging markets, and none in Africa. In me essay I’ll be discussing whether South Africa should stay with these emerging markets or rather focus on Africa. BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and CIVETS (Columbia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, and South Africa) are allRead MoreSouth Afric A Country Of Diversity1269 Words   |  6 PagesAfrica: Background,† n.d.). In fact, South Africa is home to the second highest number of HIV/AIDS patients in the world (â€Å"South Africa: Background,† n.d.). Despite the problems that South Africa faces, South Africa dominates in terms of the economy, with its economy being one of the largest in Africa (â€Å"South Africa: Background,† n.d.). Progressive Discussion of Trade Agreements South Africa is party to a variety of trade agreements, from the oldest customs union in the world, to more recent free tradeRead MoreAre African Countries Benefiting from Globalization?2220 Words   |  9 Pagesand quotas between trading partners. This analysis look at Africa’s part in international trade, and consider if the continent is benefitting from the globalization of trade today and how the continent can increase their total part of trade. Classical theory of international trade states that different countries benefit from international trade because it increases the market for diverse products. If a country produces more than it needs of a specific commodity, it can export the surplus and makeRead MoreSouth Afric A Country Of Diversity2123 Words   |  9 PagesAfrica: Background,† n.d.). In fact, South Africa is home to the second highest number of HIV/AIDS patients in the world (â€Å"South Africa: Background,† n.d.). Despite the problems that South Africa faces, South Africa dominates in terms of the economy, with its economy being one of the largest in Africa (â€Å"South Africa: Background,† n.d.). Progressive Discussion of Trade Agreements South Africa is party to a variety of trade agreements, from the oldest customs union in the world, to more recent free trade

How Gender Is Learned Through Play - 2086 Words

Introduction The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) indicates in Article 31.1 â€Å"States Parties recognize the right of the child to rest and leisure, to engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child and to participate freely in cultural life and the arts (1989).† The UNCRC is affirming that play is essential to children s development and it is their right. Children learn through play, some skills children may learn could be social skills, emotional skills, verbal and non-verbal communication, and physical skills, to name a few. Children play and learn in different environments at home, day-care, relatives homes, parks, or at schools. Moreover, children learn gender roles through socialization and are reinforced through play. I will be examining how gender roles are learned through play beginning with a literature review followed by applying theory, and then examined through methods and empirical research. Finally, this assignme nt will end with exploring key findings and discussion related to how gender is learned through play. Literature Review To begin talking about children first we need to understand what a child is, according to the UNCRC Article 1: which defines a â€Å"Child as a person below the age of 18, unless the laws of a particular country set the legal age for adulthood younger (1989).† The Oxford Dictionary (2014) defines a child as â€Å"A young human being below the age of puberty or below the legal age ofShow MoreRelatedGender, Gender And Gender Roles1437 Words   |  6 Pages Gender roles play an important role in society whether it is for good or for bad. These roles have been placed in society since the beginning of time. The term gender is socially created and it therefore categorizes men from women. How is gender defined, and what makes it different from the term sex? â€Å"†¦sex refers to the biological characteristics that distinguish women and men: sex chromosomes, reproductive organs, sex-specific hormones, and physical characteristics†¦Gender†¦ refers to the socialRead MoreThe Article Gender Role Models896 Words   |  4 PagesThe article Gender Role Models ... who needs ‘em?! By Stephen Hicks encouraged me to reflect on my childhood gender roles as well as how I portray my gender roles today. After learning about the socialization theory I realize my parents were traditional towards gender roles and have incorporated multiple theories of human growth and development into my gender development. I have also learned how my gender roles have gradually transformed since I was a child. Therefore, this article has brought toRead MoreGender Roles : An Individual s Appearance915 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual is a male or female. Biology plays a huge part that also helps us distinguished our sex from the moment we are born due to our primary sex characteristics. However, we learned our genders and the roles that come with it through out our life. From the moment we learn to speak and walk and developed our learning skills, we acquire learning behaviors where our genders are expected to behaviors, traits and characteristics. Gender roles are learned and influenced from our family, friendsRead MoreGender Differences Within Social Development1747 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch paper is set to inform the reader of the gender differences through social development. Depending on a child’s gender, things such as gender identity and social acceptance have a great impact in their development. The first thing parents learned about their children before birth is the sex of the baby. This highlights the importance of sex and gender. Sex differences have long been a very important topic in psychology and in understanding why gender differences affect social development. SocialRead MoreMy Experience As A Male Dominant Culture994 Words   |  4 Pagesculture through different medias, such as our parents, relatives, and peers. My earliest enculturation experience is when I was in kindergarten. I learned about culturally accepted behaviors for both genders and experienced double standard between male and female. My family and my peers were the most influential in this enculturation experience as they were the people I associated with during my early childhood. My early childhood experience of double standard has shaped my values and how I perceiveRead MoreGender Roles : Social Learning Theory And Sex Segregation1190 Words   |  5 PagesGender roles play a huge part in society. Gender plays a role in shaping an individuals identify and beliefs. It also helps identify what is masculine and what is feminine. Certain tasks, duties, and jobs are classified by gender. However, gender appropriate behavior should not be enforced in our society for numerous reasons and can be seen on an individual level and be demonstrated by social learning theory and sex segregation. Within and across different cultures, we can find great consistencyRead MoreThe Effects of Gender Roles and Gender Identity on Behaviour Essay examples1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Gender Roles and Gender Identity on Behaviour Gender is a psychological term, which refers to our awareness and reaction to biological sex. It is also a fundamental part of our learning concept. Gender is influenced by many things, which include: Biological Influences ===================== Such as, Genetics, Estrogens and Androgens. Social Influences ================= Such as, Identification theory, which is: Read MoreHow Toys Play A Role On Gender Socialization1229 Words   |  5 Pagesunusual for their gender. Toys are a prominent factor in this socialization, because they are typically presented for one gender and are unacceptable for the other. To assess how toys play a role in gender socialization, I made a trip to Toys â€Å"R† Us in College Station and was surprised by how the store was organized. The first thing that went through my mind when walking into the store was to look for the Girls and Boys signs that would indicate to me which section was for which gender. There weren’tRead MoreGoing Into High School As A Junior981 Words   |  4 Pagescourse but I realize that I learned a lot that I never knew before and this was a great course and I am really glad that I took it. The things that took from this course that I can compare and relate to my life are the uses of technology in our society, social inequity, race of others, family and culture, gender differences, and personal life problems. When we look at how technology and how it has changed over the years, there are a lot of things that are different then how they used to be. The peopleRead MoreAre Gender Roles Forced Upon Us?1482 Words   |  6 PagesAre Gender Roles Forced Upon Us? Remember the 50s in America, how men were the predominant head of the household and women were expected to cook, watch their kids, and clean? This is an excellent example of gender roles, and how they control some aspects of life. Gender roles according to multiple sources are, the way people behave, what they do and say, to express being a female or male. (â€Å"Gender Identity†, Blackstone, Gender Spectrum). They are forced upon an individual from the day that

Social Problem Free Essays

Nowadays , social problems are very serious and we should pay more attention to these problems. As a part of the community , we should be concerned about social problems. Every day we read the newspaper and get the news from media, almost every day the newspaper and the media reports are about the social problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Problem or any similar topic only for you Order Now All sorts of social problems will appear in our surrounding , but we cannot turn a blind eye and a deaf ear. We need to find ways to solve these social problems so that the society will not be mess order. Social problems are some condition , set of events or group of persons constitutes a troublesome situation that needs to be changed or improved. Social problems are like time bomb , when it explode, it will be out of control. Social problems let us live in a pressured situation. Today’s society there are too many examples of social problems, I took a few more popular examples to explain in detail. Explain the social problems in the end how it affects the growth of our country and the ways of prevent to reduce the social issue. Now, we take a look at what social problems are the most popular . Firstly ,the most common and the most serious social problems in our life are gangsters. Speaking of gangsters, will make people tremble with fear. Gangsters are not limited to age, previous may be older establishment gangsters, now both primary and secondary schools also have a group of students create a own gangster within the school. They will require students to pay a protection fee , if students do not, they will use means to force students pay protection money . Gangsters may intimidation , harassment and find someone to hit the student until the student willing to pay money. As long as someone offended gangster boss or brother, the man must not be at peace. Gangsters will send someone to give warning and told the man who is the stronger one. Gangsters also smoking , fighting , make trouble and provoke others everywhere. In short , they do any bad thing, also bully the weak . New gangs also never lost on the old gang . Next, the gangs will cause the growth of our country to have a negative impact . These will be brought to the community a lot of unnecessary trouble and fear. So that the country would be in a very unstable state. People in other countries will be disappointedin our country, they are afraid to trade in our country and the economic will downturn . Just so that our country is greatly losses and enough to affect the development of the country . Moreover , there are several ways to prevent the establishment of gangs . The first step is whenever you see someone organization gangs immediately alarm . Second is counselors to counsel these kids . Also let the parents pay more attention to children’s behavior and trends ,and more concern for children . The second problem is traffic jams , in our country always occur the traffic problems especially during the peak time are often traffic jams . I often think that our country really is so many cars ? Our country has many public transport can ride like bus and LRT . In the end is too rich or people do not want to take the public transport with others or they do not want wake up early to catch the bus and LRT . In my observation , most of the vehicles are driving one in the working hours . And a family is more than owning a car . When there is the festival season , have long queues of vehicles on the road . People are required to spend half a day in the car ,it’s really a headache . Apart from that ,this problem makes our country’s poor reputation when it comes to the transportation. Foreigners evaluation of our traffic is low. Affect the ranking of our country is seriously lagging behind . This is enough to affect our reputation severely damaged . Following that ,have a problem we have to go to solve . The solution of a traffic jam is government can greatly promote the public transport and explain the advantage of using public transport . If just your colleagues or friends to the same place , that simply driving a car is enough or everyone turns driving their own car with a colleague or friend . As long as people are willing to comply , then the problem can be solved . The third problem that I think need to be paid more attention to is illegal immigrant. Illegal immigrants mixed the name suggests is that there is no approved . Illegal immigrants once they are caught will suffer severe punishment or be forced to exit or leave to country they are in. If the illegal immigrants think that the country is not properly managed, these immigration will be able to sneak into our country without any fear of being caught or punished . Our country has a huge and important part of responsibility and also need to ensure that there are no problems in the country due to these immigrants. Illegal immigrants seemingly innocuous, but in fact , it hurt not to be looked down upon small . Their arrival so that people reduce jobs , because their low salaries , better efficiency and the important one, they are hardworking than people in our country . The other is that they cause a lot of distress and they will rob and trouble . Many social chaos is manufactured or are cased mostly by them . We should immediately think of a way to solve this problem so that we are getting the security and tranquility. The checkpoint staff must strictly regulate immigration checkpointsand not to let them muddle through . People are urgerto pay very close attention to suspicious person around and if found, it has to be immediately notifiedto the police . Police and people ‘s cooperation are essential and vital to crack down on illegal immigrants. The fourth social problem is divorce which happens in every place around the world. There will be a divorce as long as there are men , women , and married . I really cannot figure out why people want a divorce and had chosen to marry . Although divorce is very easy , but the marriage is not child’ s play . Since the original thought of marriage , think of the consequences of divorce , do not impulse bad throughout life . The high divorce rate is not a good thing for a country . If the divorce rate is higher , on behalf of the people does not pay attention to the views of marriage . Marriage is a sacred thing , many people have opted for early marriage . For this reason and cause the divorce rate to improve . This country has given the impression that marriage is a failure , this once again undermines the reputation of the country . What method can reduce the divorce rate ? It is up to people to their own ideas . Government should be called on the people to not be too early marriage , early marriage has a lot of potential problems . Now , society difficult and having a family is not an easy task . Marriage gave birth to the child , if divorce the child does not have a perfect family environment to grow and will leave to childhood shadow . Ultimately suffering only child . So , think about it before marriage . The fifth is environmental pollution problems , this is also the community most concern . Environmental pollution refersto human discharged to the environment than its self-purification capacity of substances or energy , so that the quality of the environment to reduce the phenomena of an adverse impact on the survival and development of humanity , ecosystems , and property . The most common are water pollution , air pollution , and noise pollution . Water pollution will harm to human death and directly affect the water quality of the drinking water source then produce many diseases . Furthermore , it will constrain economic development because the industrial use of water as a raw material or washing products and directly participate in the processing of products. Deterioration of the water quality will directly affect the quality of product. Water pollution for human health , agriculture , fisheries and other sideline have largely affected the development of the economy! Air pollution will affect the body health and also the impact of weather and climate . People believe that climate change may cause a variety of air pollutants , carbon dioxide has a significant role in . The content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere according to the current rate of increase continues , after a number of years will make the north and south ends of the ice melting , leading to global climate anomalies . Noise pollution will damage to the hearing of the human body . The worse case can cause deafness. Noise can induce a variety of diseases . The impact of noise on sleep great , people even in sleep , hearing , have to bear the noise stimulus . It will distract people ’ s attention , leading to unresponsive , fatigue , decreased work efficiency and error rate rise . So, we must not underestimate the importance of these three pollution damaged. It must find a way to prevent . Prevention and treatment methods for all pollution is severely punished or give warning to them . Noise prevention measures is to minimize the sound decibel value or use sound – absorbing , sound insulation , noise barrier isolation and other measures . For air pollution is reducing emissions of pollutants and afforestation . There is also a most important is to start with ourselves . Do not throw waste , the perfect city is everyone ’s responsibility . Lastly , the way of preventing water pollution is before we drink the water , we boiled or filter it . We also can actively promote â€Å"clean production† . Clean production to change the existing unsustainable methodsof raw material and energy consumption , to encourage sustainable production using non- toxic products . Of course , our government should control our environment . Cannot just verbally agreed to without action because protecting the environment is everyone ‘s responsibility . As a conclusion , all these issues makes me feel , is social change or human nature has changed . Only human indifference , will bring up this society today . We can really make it cool treatment? Our society is reduced to a point where it is we want to do ? The first condition is the protection of society the people must lead by example . In fact , as long as everyone concerted effort to make a change, it certainly can . If everyone changed , then the social will peaceful . I sincerely hope we can do this ! How to cite Social Problem, Essay examples

Cleanig Your Throne Essay Research Paper CLEANING free essay sample

Cleanig Your Throne Essay, Research Paper Clean YOUR THRONE This past summer I worked as a keeper in a fabrication works. Part of my occupation was cleaning bathrooms. I estimate throughout the summer I cleaned up to five hundred bathrooms. I consider myself an expert on the topic. Using my procedure for cleansing bathrooms, an immaculate bathroom is accomplishable. The initial measure in the procedure is to garner all the necessary cleansing supplies: swab and pail, glass cleansing agent, floor soap, lavatory bowl cleansing agent, lavatory coppice, paper towel, a sponge, bathroom cleaning solution with bleach, lavatory paper, trash bag, broom and dust pan, and baseball mitts are recommended. Make certain to read all of the labels on the cleaners for warnings, to avoid possible jeopardies. Following, everything must be removed from the room that is on the floor. We will write a custom essay sample on Cleanig Your Throne Essay Research Paper CLEANING or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This included carpets, rubbish tins, and any refuse laying on the floor. After taking everything out of the room, brush the floor. Now it is clip for the soiled work. This is where I suggest have oning baseball mitts. Take the lavatory bowl cleansing agent and use it to the interior of the bowl, underneath the rim. Now utilizing the coppice, scrub the interior of the bowl doing certain to take all discolorations. After all discolorations are removed, flush the lavatory to uncover a clean bowl. After cleaning the interior of the lavatory, it is clip to clean the exterior. Using the bathroom cleansing agent with bleach, spray the full exterior of the lavatory. The bleach in the cleansing agent kills the bacterium on the lavatory, but it besides can do serious harm to vesture. Be Very Careful WHEN USING BLEACH. Wipe the lavatory with a moist sponge. Be certain to clean the full lavatory including the base, the place, and the bath behind the bowl. When the sponge gets soiled, rinse it off in the sink. Continue cleaning the lavatory until it is scintillating clean. Now that the lavatory is wholly clean, travel over to the sink. Use the same cleansing agent that was used to clean the lavatory, nevertheless use a new sponge . Spray the full sink, including the spigot, and the exterior of the sink. Wipe the sink down with the new sponge and rinse the sink with clean H2O. Do non worry about acquiring the floor moisture. After the sink has been wiped and rinsed, dry it with paper towels. Normally a mirror is placed above the sink. By this clip the mirror will be splashed with H2O and cleansing agent and will besides necessitate to be cleaned. To make this, cover the mirror with a thin movie of glass cleansing agent. Wipe the mirror with paper towels in a waving gesture until all runs and smudges are removed. Now everything in the bathroom is clean except the floor. To clean the floor, fill a pail with warm H2O and floor soap. If no floor soap is available, any soap with a capful of bleach will be suited. Fill the pail three quarters of the manner up. Now take the swab and soak it in the H2O. With the concentrated swab, wipe up the floor from the rear of the room, to the terminal where the door is located. The floor should hold a thin bed of H2O on it. Now take the swab and contorting it out so that it is dry. With the prohibitionist swab, travel back over the floor in the mode that was performed when the swab was wet. If the swab begins to acquire wet once more, contorting it out and go on wipe uping. When the floor is finished, leave the room for 10 proceedingss to let it to dry. While the floor is drying, empty the refuse and replace the bag with a new one. If any carpets were taken out of the room, strike hard them against a wall to take any soil concealed inside the carpet. Make certain to brush the muss that was created by crushing the carpet on the wall. By this clip, the floor should be dry and the occupation will be ready to finish. Topographic point the carpet on the floor where they belong. Put the refuse can endorse from where it was taken. If the lavatory paper is low, replace the axial rotation with a new one and put the staying axial rotation on the top of the lavatory. The occupation is now complete. Leave the room and retrieve to set the place down and turn off the visible radiations.

Who Is Jesus Christ and What Is His Mission to the World Essay Example

Who Is Jesus Christ and What Is His Mission to the World Essay The Great Gatsby Jay Gatsby tries to â€Å"repeat the past† with tragic results. The novels narrator Nick Carraway tries to explain to Gatsby that he can’t repeat the past, but Gatsby states, â€Å"of course you can, old sport† (Fitzgerald). Daisy Buchanan and Jay Gatsby met in Louisville. Before he left to fight in World War I he fell in love with Daisy. Right before he left Daisy promised to wait for Gatsby until his return. While waiting for Gatsby’s return Daisy fell in love with Tom Buchanan and soon married into his great wealth.Jay Gatsby wanted to repeat his past so that he could restructure his life until it was perfect rather than accepting his past for what it had been. He explains to Nick that he is going to fix everything just the way it was before (Fitzgerald). Gatsby tries to repeat his past by throwing huge lit up parties at his mansion on Saturdays in hoping for Daisy’s return. Parties in which only few were invited to, people weren ’t actually invited they just somehow ended up there. Between all the partying and the hopes for Daisy, Gatsby never found her.At night he would go out and look for the green flashing light at the end of Daisy’s dock, longing for her and reaching out for her everlasting love. He found out that his next door neighbor Nick Carraway had connection with Daisy. Gatsby invites Nick to lunch so that they could get to know one another. He informs Nick on his past about being in love with Daisy the woman of his dreams and then getting called to fight in World War I. Gatsby tells Jordan (Nick’s girlfriend) to try and convince Nick to invite Daisy over to his house for lunch.Gatsby’s plans was to get her to Nick’s house so that he could show her his huge mansion, knowing that she would be blinded by all the rich and high class of Jay. After lunch with Daisy, Jay was certain that he was winning her back over. According to Nick Daisy and Tom are insulated by we alth and the mores of restraint and gesture (Bloom’s Guide). But there was only one thing Gatsby needed Daisy to do, â€Å"He wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say: ‘I never loved you. ’† (Fitzgerald) The results that Jay hopes to get was nothing and no one but Daisy.Gatsby loved Daisy from the beginning. Jay hoped that after showing Daisy his big mansion she would come back. He hoped that just maybe she would trip and fall back in love with him, little did he know a child was holding her back from what he could’ve almost had. Gatsby hoped that Daisy would tell Tom she didn’t love him in hopes that he would leave her so that she could come back to him. Tom Buchanan found out about the affair that was going on between Daisy and Gatsby. Although Tom was committing the same type of wrong with Myrtle.Tom wasn’t having Jay and Daisy having an affair. Tom’s jealousy of Gatsby arises more from his feeling violated by a person of a lower station than out of any real concern for his own wife (Bloom’s Guide). While Gatsby and Daisy was coming home one evening they got into a car accident killing Myrtle, Toms â€Å"secret† lady. Although Daisy was driving the car Gatsby decided to take blame for the accident. Myrtle’s husband Wilson goes out on a hunt to find the one who killed his wife. He found out that Jay Gatsby was the driver. Wilson headed out to find Gatsby.Gatsby was out in his pool when Wilson came and took a bullet to Jay’s head. Not long after Wilson shot Gatsby he turned the gun on himself. In the end, the life that he was longing for ended in great tragic. Nick tried to convince him in the novel that repeating the past was near impossible to do, Jay Gatsby just could not see that repeating his past with Daisy was going to be so much. Gatsby thought that having a huge mansion and lots of money would bring Daisy back to him for the fact he knew she attracted to the wealth of the high class.He knew that she was blinded by the money. But when you’ve got an object such as a child in Daisy’s case it is hard to see what is really best for you. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s book The Great Gatsby Jay Gatsby tries to â€Å"repeat the past† little did he know it would all end in a complete disaster. So it’s true that you really can’t repeat your past no matter how hard you try. Five years might have not seemed like a long time to Gatsby but five years was long enough for Daisy to fall in love with someone else.Although Gatsby tried his hardest to win Daisy back over, life ended with tragic that could have been prevented. But stubborn Gatsby just wouldn’t give up the fight until either someone did it for him or he had Daisy.

Conventioanl vs Islamic Insurance Essays

Conventioanl vs Islamic Insurance Essays Conventioanl vs Islamic Insurance Essay Conventioanl vs Islamic Insurance Essay ISLAMIC LIFE INSURANCE (TAKAFUL), ITS EVOLUTION, COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL LIFE INSURANCE, AND ROLE OF DAWOO TAKAFUL ( AN INSURANCE COMPANY OFFERING LIFE INSURANC IN PAKISTAN ) FOR TAKAFUL INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN Table of Contents 1. 0 LIFE INSURANCE/CONVENTIONAL LIFE INSURANCE 2 2. 0 ISLAMIC LIFE INSURANCE2 3. 0 WHY LIFE INSURANCE NECESSARY2 4. 0 COMPARISON BETWEEN COVENTIONAL LIFE INSURANNCE AND ISLAMIC LIFE INSURANCE 2 4. 1 HOW CONVETIONAL INSURANCE WORKS3 4. 2 DIFFERENTATION OF TAKAFUL FROM CONVENTIONAL INSURANCE 3 4. 3 PRONS AND CONS OF ISLAMIC INSURANCE3 4. 43 4. 4. 1 PRONS OF ISLAMIC INSURANC3 . 4. 2 CONS OF ISLAMIC INSURANCE 4 5. 0 LIFE INSURANCE IN PAKISTAN 4 5. 1 Takaful in Pakistan 4 6. 1 INSIGHT LOOK- A TAKAFUL COMPANY IN PAKISTAN-DAWOOD FAMILY TAKAFUL5 6. 2 OBJECTIVE OF DAWOOD FAMILY TAKAFUL5 6. 2 SHARIAH SUPERVISORY BOARD 5 6. 3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF DAWOOD FAMILY TAKAFUL5 7. 0 CONCLUSION5 8. 0 REFERNCES5 1. 0 LIFE INSURANCE/CONVENTIONAL LIFE INS URANCE Life insurance is an undertake between the policy holder and the underwriter, where the insurance firm commitments to pay a selected beneficiary a quantity of money (the benefits) upon the death of the individual person. Looking on the contract, other effects such as period ill health or critical wellness may also trigger payment. In return, the policy bearer agrees to pay a specified amount (the premium) at every day intervals or in lump sums. In many countries, death outgoes such as observances are enclosed in the premium; even so, in the United States the predominated form only defines a lump sum to be paid off the insurer’s death (1). The valuable for the policy owner is the peace of mind in sapient to that the modification of the various persons will not issue in non financial adversity. Life insurance policy are lawful contract bridge and the price of the contract exposit the limits of the someone consequences. Specific exceptions are often written into the contract to end the financial obligation of the insurance firm; common examples are claims connecting putting to death, fake, state of war, rioting and civil commotion. In this era of modern finance too many financial products and services are offered by the banks, building societies and financial corporate and one of them is life insurance. New scenarios are developing with modern techniques of offerings for the potential customers. 2. 0ISLAMIC LIFE INSURANCE Takaful (Arabic: Al-Takaful) is an Islamic insurance concept which is grounded in Islamic muamalat (Islamic banking), observing the rules and regulations of Islamic law. This concept has been practised in various forms for over 1400 years. (2) A premier goal of Takaful system and its goods is to strike the right play with Muslim customers who may find formal products unacceptable and get them reluctantly. The takaful system of rules and product may be attractive to them. Ibn Abidin (1784-1836) was the basic learner in the Muslim world to talk about the message and lawful fictional character of insurance policy Islamicity of insurance has been below give-and-take since then. Popular opinion regarding lawfulness, approval, and adaptability of insurance are numerous. Newly, even so, a consensus was emergent for conforming insurance in the name of takaful and commonality. As a issue, several Islamic takaful and commonality companies have been accepted since 1979 The Islamic Insurance concept as known as Takaful (an Arabic word meaning â€Å"guaranteeing each otherâ€Å") is a shariah compliance mutual risk transfer arrangement which involves participants and operators. Shariah is based on the Qur’an and Assunah. Takaful as a concept that some extent is similar to conventional mutual risk sharing such as Mutual Insurance and Protection and Indemnity. It is a mutual sharing of risk based on the concept of Taawun (Mutual Protection). Takaful do not allow what is called Gharar (uncertainty or speculation) and Maisir (i. e gambling). In investment or fund management Riba (i. e usury) is also not allowed. These three Gharar, Maisir and Riba are the areas that must be totally avoided by the Takaful operation, and where it differs with the conventional insurance In order to avoid Gharar, there must be a complete clarity or full disclosuer of any Takaful contract. Full disclosure is aplicable on both sides, i. e on both the subject matter and terms of the contract (scope of cover, etc). Its not allowable in to enter into a takaful contract if there is any unknown element on the subject matter and/or unknown exposure to the extent of the contract itself. As this ideal situation is hardly exist, the Takaful contract then need to be made in a way that there is no exchange of Gharar from one party to another. Maisir (gambling) is regarded as the excessive side of the Gharar. Whilst the participants (insured) may have an insurable interest in the subject matter, if the risk transfer (risk sharing in Takaful) contains any speculative element, the it is prohibited under the Takaful. Riba (usury) is totally prohibited under the shariah law and under a Takaful arrangement. In order to avoid the Riba, Takaful treats participants’ contribution to the risk sharing scheme not as a premium in the way conventional insurance does. In Takaful terms it is treated as being a contribution (Mushahamah) in the from of donation with a condition of compensation (Tabarru). Furthermore, the pool of funds secured from those participants’ contributions or donations, must be managed and invested in accordance with the Shariah. In the same way that Gharar and Maisir represent a continous challenge for Takaful operators to ensure that pure Takaful arrangements are free of them, Riba free investment and fund management is also becoming a specialist discipline which requires more in depth elobaration. Whilst risk are nature of human life, it is impossible to eliminate this nature from human life. What is not allowed in Islam is not the risk or uncertainty itself (so it need to be eliminated)- but selling or exchange of risk or risk transfer to the third party using sales/exchange contract that is not allowable. On the other hand helping each other in any situation including in the event misfortune is highly encouraged in Islamic teaching as Allah mentioned in the Qur’an (Holy book of Muslims). 3. 0 WHY LIFE INSURANCE NECESSARY Life insurance is a kind of policy that look for to kind financial provisions to beneficiaries upon the death of a only provider. Even so, some people seek life insurance for a multiplicity of reasons. Most people will want to die with the notion that their family will be well taken care of economically. (3). It could be used for the settlement of debts and other bills, for the academic provisions of your children. Whatever the reason, the ultimate purpose is financial security upon death. 4. 0 COMPARISON BETWEEN COVENTIONAL LIFE INSURANNCE AND ISLAMIC LIFE INSURANCE The term life insurance is the almost basic of insurance policies. It is nothing more than an insurance policy that gives covering for accidental expiry and potentially debilitating harms for a specific period of time. If beneficiaries do not shuffle any claims during the term of much a policy, the policy will atypically expire no-account. Generally, term life insurance is low-budget to buy during the sooner years of life, when the danger of death is comparatively low. Prices rise in accordance of rights with increasing risks and progressive age (4). Comprehensive life insurance falls below a broader concept of policies sometimes have in mind to as cash-value, or permanent, insurance policy. These sorts of insurance policies combine death performances with a savings part or cash amount that is reinvested and levy shelved. The fund portion is collected throughout the living of the policy and can one time be cashed in at many future factor. Because these insurance policy are permanent, any advance ending of the bridge by the policy holder is open to penalties. During the early levels of life, a big part of the premium paid to this policy is path to the savings section. During the later levels of life, when the value of insurance is high, less of the premium is dedicated to the cash part and many to the purchase of policy. 4. 1 HOW CONVETIONAL INSURANCE WORKS For instance, if a 20-year-old adult purchases period insurance, his or her economic value might be $20 per month. With a world-wide policy, the same 20 year old strength pay $100 a month, with $20 of that going toward expiry insurance and the left over $80 going to the savings factor. When the person ranges age 45, term insurance strength cost $50 per period; even so, with universal insurance, the person intent still pay $100 a month, although a take down part of this would go into the savings element (5). 4. 2 DIFFERENTATION OF TAKAFUL FROM CONVENTIONAL INSURANCE There are five elements that must co-exist to establish a proper framework for a Takaful system as compared to conventional life insurance. 1. Sincerety of Intention - for knowingly following the guidance of, and adhering to the rule and purpose of, Takaful - co-operative risk sharing and mutual assistance. 2. Integration of Sharia principles - in particular, risk sharing under Ta’awuni principles, coincidence of ownership, participation in management by policyholders, avoidance of riba (an agreement in which the policyholder expects to receive a predetermined/ fixed amount that is greater than that invested), gambling (referred to as ‘qimar’ or ‘maisir’ in Arabic, which means any activity that involves an arrangement between two or more parties, each of whom undertakes the risk of a loss where a loss for one means a gain for the other), and al Gharar (activities that have elements of uncertainty, ambiguity or deception. In a commercial transaction, it refers to either the uncertainty of the goods or price of goods, or deceiving the buyer on the price of goods), and inclusion of the al Mudharabah (profitsharing arrangements) and/or al Wakalah (agents) principles for management practices (6). 3. Presence of moral value and ethics - whereby business is conducted openly in accordance with utmost good faith, honesty, full disclosure, truthfulness and fairness in all dealing. 4. No unlawful element - that contravenes Sharia and strict adherence to Islamic rules for commercial contract, namely: Parties have legal capacity and are mentally fit n Insurable interest n Principle of indemnity prevails Payment of premium is consideration (offer and acceptance) Mutual consent, which includes voluntary purifi cation Specific time period of policy and underlying agreement. 5. Appointment of a Sharia Advisory Council or Committee - to oversee the development and Islamic auditing of the Takaful operation and to make sure the investments are made in eligible areas that are allowed and approved by the Sharia board (7). . 3 PRONS AND CONS OF ISLAMIC INSURANCE A very common question which bear in mind of the people/potential customers is why Islamic Insurance is benefited as compared to the conventional insurance and what are the main prons and cons of the Islamic insurance as compared to the conventional insurance so lets have a very little crux of this differention:- 4. 4 4. 4. 1 PRONS OF ISLAMIC INSURANC It has become apparent that   Sharia compliant alternatives in the areas of banking and insurance are indeed attractive to consumers, end users, and financial intermediaries. The Middle East played key roles in the development of these services. The principles of Takaful are as follows: Policyholders co-operate among themselves for their common good. Every policyholder pays his subscription to help those that need assistance. Losses are divided and liabilities spread according to the community pooling system. Uncertainty is eliminated in respect of subscription and compensation. It does not derive advantage at the cost of others. Theoretically, Takaful is perceived as cooperative insurance, where members contribute a certain sum of money to a common pool. The purpose of this system is not profits but to uphold the principle of bear ye one another’s burden. Commercial insurance is strictly not allowed for Muslim as agreed upon by most contemporary scholars because it contains the following elements: i) Al-Gharar (Uncertainty) ii) Al-Maisir (Gambling) iii) Riba (Interest) 4. 4. 2 CONS OF ISLAMIC INSURANCE Even though the Takaful ( Islamic Insurance ) has been described as allowed (halal) for Muslims still Muslim finance scholars are not agreed to one convulsion due to the following reasons:- A . Risk Protection (insurance) is against Tawakkul total dependence upon Allah (swt)    No human actions change the Will of Allah (swt) for our destiny. Whether a person has insurance/Takaful or not has no effect on future events. However, we are instructed to take precautions and then fully trust and depend upon Almighty Allah (swt): in Hadith narrated by Anas bin Malik when an Arab Bedouin asked Prophet Muhmmad (PBUH), Shall I leave my camel untied and seek Allahs protection on it, or should I tie it? The Holy Prophet replied, Tie your camel and then depend upon Allah (swt). {as quoted by Sunan Al Tarmizi, 1981,} (8). B. All Risk Protection (insurance) is Haram-prohibited Fiqh Council of World Muslim League (1398/1978) resolution and Fiqh Council of Organization of Islamic Conference (1405/1985) in Jeddah resolved that, .. conventional insurance as presently practiced is Haram. And that, .. cooperative insurance (Takaful) is permissible and fully consistent with Shariah principles. Hence, conventional insurance is prohibited for Muslims because it contains elements of Riba, Al Maisir, and Al Gharar. By contrast, Takaful provides risk protection in accordance with Sharia using principles of Taawun (mutual assistance), brotherhood, piety and ethical operations (9). C. All Insurance is a form of Gambling of Wagering, which is forbidden in Islam   Risk or uncertainty can be divided into: Pure Risk and Speculative Risk. Pure Risk involves the possibility of Loss or No Loss. For example, damage to property due to fire. Pure Risks are the subject of insurance risk protection and Takaful. On the other hand, Speculative Risks involves the possibility of Loss, No Loss or Gain. For example, venturing into a new business, or gambling on horse race. Speculative Risks that include a potential gain or profit cannot be insured. Takaful schemes use the principle of indemnification to compensate for the loss that occurs to a Takaful Participant. Takaful insures only Pure Risks and claims pay in the event of Loss to cover repairs, damage, replacement of property, or an agreed fixed sum. In Takaful Taawuni (assurance), the compensation equals each participants accumulated savings plus investment profit added to a sum covered taken from the Takaful general pool. D. All Insurance seeks to maximize profits which takes benefits away from policyholders    Most conventional insurance companies are stock companies that seek to maximize profits. Since the interests of shareholders conflicts with policyholders, by raising prices, denying claims, etc. these insurers can boost profits for shareholders. Takaful operators, by contrast, are mutual or cooperative entities. The goal of Takaful is community well-being and self-sustaining operations not high profits. Under the Takaful Mudarabah Model, surplus (or profits) is shared fairly between shareholders and policyholders. Under the Takaful Wakalah Model, surplus is owned by the policyholders and may be reduced by a performance fee incentive for the operator before distribution to the policyholders. 5. 0 LIFE INSURANCE IN PAKISTAN Pakistan is in the operation of remould its economy to meet the inquires of a international sales outlet. The government has inserted a range of efforts designed to support and consolidate Pakistan’s point as an emergent market in the region. The modifications have issued in a deregulated and modified financial sector sales outlet. Pakistans life insurance body, nationalised in 1972, operated under the aegis of the State Life Insurance Corp. and Communicating Life Insurance until 1992, when the governing opened it to private sector involvement. International companies are no individual barred from the life policy business, but they are classified to minority relation. Private companies purpose in nonlife insurance regions, but the governing insurance business is contained by the International Insurance Corp. One of the states first track was to standardise and bring down insurance premium rates and to encourage insurance coverage among a wider section of the population. In 2001, there was US$$168 million of life insurance in writing Pakistan. Although storage of rates is no someone required, there are, even so, separate environment in the Ordinance on Marketplace Behavior Intermediaries which lay behind the works/responsibilities of Direct Insurance policy Companies and of Negotiant. The changes in the regulative environment in Pakistan are in form with those in the International classes. Compliance with regulations is becoming exceedingly important. 5. 1 Takaful in Pakistan The takaful market is silent in a formative level and market projections figuring growing rates between 15% and 20% all over the next 10 years, reaching US$7. 4 billion in economic value by 2015. With demands around customer divine service and productiveness, technology can modify this growing industry through its shaping level. Pakistan is among the best 10 most populous states in the world. This kinds t a very conceptive marketplace for Takaful, one with few interesting inquires. Takaful is the modish â€Å"movement† in business security. Pakistan saw its basic Takaful function, in the Generic part, start in 2006. India, a much larger neighbour, has an insurance penetration of 4. 8%, against Pakistan’s 0. 8%, and its policy density is US$38. 40, against Pakistan’s US$5. 90. These values sort it very clear that there exists a significant space in Pakistan for business securit y tools. As we know, achieving hopefuls is not as simple as formulating them. As a sample Islamic Insuranc Company, Dawood Takaful Family has been chosen for analysis. 6. 1 INSIGHT LOOK- A TAKAFUL COMPANY IN PAKISTAN-DAWOOD FAMILY TAKAFUL Dawood Family Takaful Limited is a member company of the renowned First Dawood Group (FDG) of Companies, Pakistan. FDG belongs to the famous Dawood Family of Bantwa, Gujrat, India, which has remained instrumental in the economic development of Pakistan ever since its independence. Dawood Family Takaful Limited is amongst the pioneers in the field of Family Takaful business in Pakistan. Family Takaful (or Islamic Life Insurance) is a relatively new phenomenon in Pakistan which is regulated by Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan. The Company has a vision to be the preferred provider of Islamic financial protection services in Pakistan. 6. 2 OBJECTIVE OF DAWOOD FAMILY TAKAFUL The Dawood Family Takaful is playing a vital role in Islamic Insurance in Pakistan. They describes their objectives as:- â€Å"We aim to provide these services based on Islamic values. We strive to help our valued customers/partners by establishing savings and protection funds with a view to provide comfort for their loved ones. The pro-active measures ensure them security and certainty as it provides monetary relief in the event of misfortune, and creates the habit of saving amongst our customers/partners. This, we believe, underlines the importance of our mission. † As a member of First Dawood Group of Companies, Dawood Family Takaful Limited is strongly capitalized with paid-up capital of PKR 750 million to ensure our ability to meet the promises to our customers timely, and to offer assurance of reliability to our business partners. Under the leadership of a highly respectable competent and experienced management team, the Company is set to pursue its mission vigorously, both domestically and in the international Islamic market as opportunities arise. â€Å"In view to remain competitive, we will continue to introduce innovative and market based customer-centric Family Takaful products that would feature distinctly from other protection plans available in the market. We aim to be the leader in setting new service standards notably in the area of claims management, as well as building long-term customer/ partner loyalty. â€Å" 6. 2 SHARIAH SUPERVISORY BOARD This is the most integral department of any Takaful Company as it is responsible for giving approval for the launch of any new product, scheme or structuring/participating in any transaction in terms of it being in the scope and parameters of Islamic Principles. The Shariah Advisors consist of eminent Islamic economic and financial scholars. The Shariah Advisors will advise the management company on matters relating to Shariah Compliance and recommend general investment guidelines, consistent with the Shariah. Any verdict issued by the Shariah Advisors in relation to any Shariah related matter would be final and acceptable by the Trustee, the management company and other parties related with the matter. 6. 3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF DAWOOD FAMILY TAKAFUL Annual Report 2010 Fund Performance Reports April 30, March 31, and February 2011 are attached as are attached as Appendices. The Dawood Family Takafuls accounts shows its performance abourt groth individial Takaful 4 times increase (Rs 197,035,755 for the year 2010 and Rs 44,416,618 for the year 2009) as annulized contribution and growth in Group Takaful 3 times ( Rs 34,568,663 for the year 2010 and Rs 31,488,391 for the year 2009). The ocmpany earned Gross Income of Rs 232 million in the year 2010 which was 3 times higher than regular earned in 2009, which was Rs 6 million which expresses the contribution of Dawood Takaful Family for selling and marketing of Islamic insurance secor of Pakistan. The compay has weighted average of no of shares 57,000,000. The Profit and Loss Statement for the ended year 31stDec, 2010 shwos that the company is in loss after tax with the amount of Rs 65,561,188. Even though the company is playing vital role with its utmost maximum contribution to support islamic insurance as a financial product in Pakistan. The detailed reports are attached as Appendices 7. 0 CONCLUSION From the above discussion and analysis it is evident that Islamic Insurance ( Takaful ) is playig its prominent role at par with the conventional life insurance. From its name it is apparent that it is deemed to be for non muslims but in fact it is only a talilored fincncial product for the targeted segment of muslim customers whereas facts are there that non muslims are also practically buying this product due to its financial coparison with the conventional life insurance. Criticism is still three in Muslim world where muslims are reluctant to accept it as a perfectly Halal ( non-prohibited ) product but if the muslims have already accepted the conventioanl banking so it is not a big issue infact. The one thing is encouraging that its develpment pace is very slow but with the laps of time it is getting in popularity all over the world and UK where Principle Insurance Company was regulated by the Financial Services Authority in 2008. 8. 0 REFERNCES 1ME Waari, (1965), uncertain life time, life insurance , and the theory of the consumer,JSTOR (P39-40). 2LA Crosby, (1987), effects of relationship marketing on satisfation, retention, and pricies in the life insurance (P231). 3HU gerber, (1997) life insurance mathematics 3rd , Springer verlag(P52). REJDA George E, ( 2002), priciple of riskmanagement and insurance 8th edition(P79). 5Black, Kenneth, (200), life and health insurance(P89) 6 M Kabir Hassan and Muvyn K lewis, (2007), hanc book of islamic banking Edward Elgary publishing limited UK(P218). 7Simon archer, Rifaat Ahmad Adbel Karim,(2009) takaful islamic insurance : Concepts and regulatory issues W H Smith(P39) 8ALY Khorshid, (2004), islamic insurance :a mordern approch to isl amic banking W H Smith(P147). 9Mahmound A,(2006) islamic finnance : law economic and parctice Cambridge university press(P89).

TBD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TBD - Essay Example Contrarily, the US Constitution is a document that represents the rule of law in relation to how the government is expected to perform duties with regard to American citizens.  Primarily, the US Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. The Constitution was written and documented in the year 1787, a few years after the DOI was made (The Constitution of the United States). It should be noted that unlike the DOI, the Constitution was written under a convention of all the states. The convention was tasked with making changes to the old system of governance. Despite the fact that both documents contain significant information about America, they also vary in some specific aspects. This paper will discuss about the context within which both documents were established, the goals and intended audience of each document; and the style, structure and tone of each document. The DOI was majorly written to express the dismay and convictions of American citizens under the British rule. Written in unforgiving and exalted phrases, the DOI was based in the context that American citizens were accusing the King of Britain of ignoring the law and abusing his authority and power (The Declaration of Independence). Specifically, it was thought that the King had a profound disregard for the best interest of citizens living in the 13 colonies. Besides, it should be noted that signatures contained in the DOI are from the 13 colonies (The Declaration of Independence). Moreover, the DOI was drafted by a single person, Thomas Jefferson. Contrastingly, the US Constitution was written on totally different grounds. A convention was called in order to recommend changes in the old system of US governance (The Constitution of the United States). It was during the 1787 convention, with attendance from all the states, that the Constitution was drafted. Upon approval from all the states, the US Constitution came into operation in 1789. Notably, the